Şifremi Unuttum

Süpermikroplar ‘Her 3 Saniyede 1 Kişiyi Öldürecek’

Süpermikroplar 'Her 3 Saniyede 1 Kişiyi Öldürecek'

Süpermikroplar ‘her 3 saniyede 1 kişiyi öldürecek’

BBC Türkçe logo
19 Mayıs 2016

Küresel ölçekte yapılan ‘Antimikrobiyal Direnç Araştırması, antibiyotiklere karşı dirençli bakterilerin (superbug) etkileriyle ilgili kötümser sonuçlara ulaştı.

Araştırmaya göre, hemen adım atılmazsa 2050 yılında antibiyotiklere karşı dirençli bakteriler dakikada 20 kişinin ölümüne neden olabilir.

Raporda, ilaçlara tepki göstermeyen enfeksiyonlarla mücadelenin “hızla kaybedilen bir savaş” olduğu belirtiliyor ve “bu durum, terör kadar büyük bir tehlike oluşturuyor” deniyor.

BBC Sağlık Muhabiri James Gallagher, sorunun yeterince yeni antibiyotik üretilememesi ve elimizdekilerin de harcanması olduğunu söylüyor.

Araştırmanın başladığı Haziran 2014’ten bu yana yaklaşık 1 milyon kişi, çeşitli enfeksiyonlar nedeniyle hayatını kaybetti.

Ekonomiye 100 trilyon dolar ek yük

Araştırmacılar 2050 yılına gelindiğinde yılda ortalama 10 milyon kişinin antibiyotiklere dirençli enfeksiyonlar nedeniyle yaşamını yitireceğini tahmin ediyor.

İlaca dirençli bakterilerin dünya ekonomisine de 100 trilyon dolar ek yük getirmesi bekleniyor.

Raporda şu öneriler sıralanıyor:

  • Acilen bir küresel farkındalık kampanyası başlatılmalı
  • Araştırmalar için 2 milyon dolarlık bir küresel fon oluşturulmalı
  • Enfeksiyonların yayılmasını engellemek için temiz su ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişim artırılmalı
  • Tarım ve hayvancılıkta, faydalı olmayan antibiyotiklerin, özellikle insan sağlığına zararlı olanların kullanımı azaltılmalı ya da yasaklanmalı
  • Yeni antibiyotik bulan şirketlere 1 milyar dolar ödül verilmeli
  • İlaçlar yerine aşı kullanımı teşvik edilmeli

Rapor tıp dünyasında ses getirse de, araştırmanın kesin tahminlerde bulunmak için yetersiz olduğunu düşünenler de var.

Sınır Tanımayan Doktorlar Örgütü’nden (Médecins Sans Frontières) Dr Grania Brigden,”Bu rapor ilaç piyasasının bu bakterilere karşı ne kadar başarısız olduğunu göstermek adına güzel bir ilk adım, ama özellikle mevcut ürünlere erişimi anlamak için yetersiz” diyor.

 

Global antibiotics ‘revolution’ needed

BBC News logo
19 May 2016

Clostridium difficile drug-resistant bacteria

A global revolution in the use of antimicrobials is needed, according to a government backed report.

Lord Jim O’Neill, who led the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, said a campaign was needed to stop people treating antibiotics like sweets.

It is the first recommendation in the global plan for preventing medicine “being cast back into the dark ages”.

The report has received a mixed response with some concerned that it does not go far enough.

Superbugs, resistant to antimicrobials, are estimated to account for 700,000 deaths each year.

But modelling up to the year 2050, by Rand Europe and auditors KPMG, suggests 10 million people could die each year – equivalent to one every three seconds.

Global map of deaths

The report brings together eight previous interim reports that recommended:

  • An urgent and massive global awareness campaign as most people are ignorant of the risks
  • Establishing a $2bn ($1.4bn) Global Innovation Fund for early stage research
  • Improved access to clean water, sanitation and cleaner hospitals to prevent infections spreading
  • Reduce the unnecessary vast antibiotic use in agriculture including a ban on those “highly critical” to human health
  • Improved surveillance of the spread of drug resistance
  • Paying companies $1bn (£0.7bn) for every new antibiotic discovered
  • Financial incentives to develop new tests to prevent antibiotics being given when they will not work
  • Promoting the use of vaccines and alternatives to drugs

The review said the economic case for action “was clear” and could be paid for using a small cut of the current health budgets of countries or through extra taxes on pharmaceutical companies not investing in antibiotic research.

Lord Jim O’Neill, the economist who led the global review, said: “We need to inform in different ways, all over the world, why it’s crucial we stop treating our antibiotics like sweets.

“If we don’t solve the problem we are heading to the dark ages, we will have a lot of people dying.

“We have made some pretty challenging recommendations which require everybody to get out of the comfort zone, because if we don’t then we aren’t going to be able to solve this problem.”

Eight years of hell

Emily Morris

It is hoped the measures will prevent more people going through experiences like Emily Morris from Milton Keynes.

She has regular urinary tract infections that do not respond to some antibiotics and could cause kidney damage or even death.

She says: “With every sting and every pain, my heart sinks at the thought of how many antibiotics I have left to use this time.

“I’ve had the struggle of living with a resistance to antibiotics for nearly eight years of my life…there is a clear need for new antibiotics.”

Pharma challenge

Exactly how to encourage the drugs industry to make new antibiotics has been a long running problem – there has not been a new class of antibiotics discovered since the 1980s.

A new antibiotic would be kept on the shelf for use in emergencies so a company could never make back its huge research and development costs.

John Rex, from the antibiotics unit at AstraZeneca, said a new way of paying for drugs, as proposed in the report, was needed.

He argued: “Such models should recognise antibiotics as the healthcare equivalent of the fire extinguisher – they must be available on the wall at all times and have value even when used only infrequently.”

Not enough

But Dr Grania Brigden, from the charity Médecins Sans Frontières, said: “This report is an important first step in addressing this broad market failure, it does not go far enough.”

MSF said infections resistant to drugs were a threat to their work around the world from the war-wounded in Jordan to newborns in Niger.

Dr Brigden added: “The O’Neill report proposes considerable new funding to overcome the failures of pharmaceutical research and development, but the proposals do not necessarily ensure access to either existing tools or emerging new products.

“Instead, in some cases, the report’s solution is simply to subsidise higher prices rather than trying to overcome them.”